Susan Rardon
Rose, Ph.D.
The professional identity of school counselors has been a topic of significant evolution and debate over the years. Rooted in a rich history, this identity has grappled with competing models that reflect differing views on the role and scope of school counseling. This article explores the historical development of school counselor identity, the reasons behind the competing models, and provides three strategies to address the challenges within comprehensive school counseling programs.
Early Beginnings (Early 20th Century) The role of the school counselor emerged in the early 20th century, primarily focusing on vocational guidance. Frank Parsons, often referred to as the father of vocational guidance, emphasized the need for students to be guided towards careers that matched their skills and interests. This period saw school counselors working closely with vocational and career planning, aligning students’ educational paths with labor market needs.
Expansion and Role Diversification (Mid 20th Century) In the 1950s and 1960s, the scope of school counseling broadened to include personal and social development. Influenced by Carl Rogers' humanistic approach, school counselors began to address students' emotional and psychological well-being. The role expanded beyond career guidance to encompass academic advising and personal counseling, reflecting a more holistic view of student development.
Comprehensive Development (Late 20th Century) The late 20th century saw the development of comprehensive school counseling programs, integrating academic, career, and personal/social development into a cohesive framework. The American School Counselor Association (ASCA) developed the National Standards for School Counseling Programs in 1997, advocating for a balanced approach to student development and establishing the ASCA National Model in 2003, which further emphasized the need for a structured, data-driven approach to school counseling.
The evolution of school counselor identity has led to competing models that reflect different priorities and philosophies regarding the role of the counselor. These competing models include:
To address the challenges posed by these competing models and to strengthen the professional identity of school counselors, the following strategies are essential:
The professional identity of school counselors has undergone significant transformation, shaped by historical developments and competing models reflecting diverse priorities. To address the challenges within comprehensive school counseling programs, it is crucial to advocate for clear role definitions, promote proactive and preventative measures, and engage in continuous professional development. By embracing these strategies, school counselors can effectively support student development and establish a cohesive and impactful professional identity.
I am a school counselor turned counselor educator, professor, and author helping educators and parents to build social, emotional, and academic growth in ALL kids! The school counseling blog delivers both advocacy as well as strategies to help you deliver your best school counseling program.
I'm a mother, grandmother, professor, author, and wife (I'll always be his). Until October 20, 2020, I lived with my husband, Robert (Bob) Rose, in Louisville, Ky. On that awful day of October 20,2020, my life profoundly changed, when this amazing man went on to Heaven. After Bob moved to Heaven, I embraced my love of writing as an outlet for grief. Hence, the Grief Blog is my attempt to share what I learned as a Counselor in education with what I am learning through this experience of walking this earth without him. My mission is to help those in grief move forward to see joy beyond this most painful time.
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